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Given a Taylor series f(x)=f(x_0)+(x-x_0)f^'(x_0)+((x-x_0)^2)/(2!)f^('')(x_0)+... +((x-x_0)^n)/(n!)f^((n))(x_0)+R_n, (1) the error R_n after n terms is given by ...

The function defined by chi_nu(z)=sum_(k=0)^infty(z^(2k+1))/((2k+1)^nu). (1) It is related to the polylogarithm by chi_nu(z) = 1/2[Li_nu(z)-Li_nu(-z)] (2) = ...

A Lehner continued fraction is a generalized continued fraction of the form b_0+(e_1)/(b_1+(e_2)/(b_2+(e_3)/(b_3+...))) where (b_i,e_(i+1))=(1,1) or (2, -1) for x in [1,2) an ...

The commutator series of a Lie algebra g, sometimes called the derived series, is the sequence of subalgebras recursively defined by g^(k+1)=[g^k,g^k], (1) with g^0=g. The ...

The lower central series of a Lie algebra g is the sequence of subalgebras recursively defined by g_(k+1)=[g,g_k], (1) with g_0=g. The sequence of subspaces is always ...

A linear congruence equation ax=b (mod m) (1) is solvable iff the congruence b=0 (mod d) (2) with d=GCD(a,m) is the greatest common divisor is solvable. Let one solution to ...

A linear extension of a partially ordered set P is a permutation of the elements p_1, p_2, ... of P such that p_i<p_j implies i<j. For example, the linear extensions of the ...

A mathematical property P holds locally if P is true near every point. In many different areas of mathematics, this notion is very useful. For instance, the sphere, and more ...

By analogy with the log sine function, define the log cosine function by C_n=int_0^(pi/2)[ln(cosx)]^ndx. (1) The first few cases are given by C_1 = -1/2piln2 (2) C_2 = ...

The Lorentz group is the group L of time-preserving linear isometries of Minkowski space R^((3,1)) with the Minkowski metric dtau^2=-(dx^0)^2+(dx^1)^2+(dx^2)^2+(dx^3)^2 ...