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Let Jones and Smith be the only two contestants in an election that will end in a deadlock when all votes for Jones (J) and Smith (S) are counted. What is the expectation ...

Given a sample of n variates X_1, ..., X_N, reorder them so that Y_1<Y_2<...<Y_N. Then Y_i is called the ith order statistic (Hogg and Craig 1970, p. 146), sometimes also ...

The median of a statistical distribution with distribution function D(x) is the value x such D(x)=1/2. For a symmetric distribution, it is therefore equal to the mean. Given ...

Stern's diatomic series is the sequence 1, 1,2, 1,3,2,3, 1,4,3,5,2,5,3,4, (1) ... (OEIS A002487) which arises in the Calkin-Wilf tree. It is sometimes also known as the fusc ...

Given rods of length 1, 2, ..., n, how many distinct triangles T(n) can be made? Lengths for which l_i>=l_j+l_k (1) obviously do not give triangles, but all other ...

A symmetry of a knot K is a homeomorphism of R^3 which maps K onto itself. More succinctly, a knot symmetry is a homeomorphism of the pair of spaces (R^3,K). Hoste et al. ...

A (-1,1)-matrix is a matrix whose elements consist only of the numbers -1 or 1. For an n×n (-1,1)-matrix, the largest possible determinants (Hadamard's maximum determinant ...

An acyclic graph is a graph having no graph cycles. Acyclic graphs are bipartite. A connected acyclic graph is known as a tree, and a possibly disconnected acyclic graph is ...

Suppose that X is a vector space over the field of complex or real numbers. Then the set of all linear functionals on X forms a vector space called the algebraic conjugate ...

Given a field F and an extension field K superset= F, an element alpha in K is called algebraic over F if it is a root of some nonzero polynomial with coefficients in F. ...