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The Gibbs phenomenon is an overshoot (or "ringing") of Fourier series and other eigenfunction series occurring at simple discontinuities. It can be reduced with the Lanczos ...

Gibrat's distribution is a continuous distribution in which the logarithm of a variable x has a normal distribution, P(x)=1/(xsqrt(2pi))e^(-(lnx)^2/2), (1) defined over the ...

A two-dimensional piecewise linear map defined by x_(n+1) = 1-y_n+|x_n| (1) y_(n+1) = x_n. (2) The map is chaotic in the filled region above and stable in the six hexagonal ...

Let a spherical triangle Delta have angles A, B, and C. Then the spherical excess is given by Delta=A+B+C-pi.

The girth of a graphs is the length of one of its (if any) shortest graph cycles. Acyclic graphs are considered to have infinite girth (Skiena 1990, p. 191). The girth of a ...

The locus of a point P (or the envelope of a line) fixed in relation to a curve C which slides between fixed curves. For example, if C is a line segment and P a point on the ...

Analytic continuation gives an equivalence relation between function elements, and the equivalence classes induced by this relation are called global analytic functions.

A 4×4 magic square in which the elements in each 2×2 corner have the same sum. Dürer's magic square, illustrated above, is an example of a gnomon magic square since the sums ...

The gnomonic projection is a nonconformal map projection obtained by projecting points P_1 (or P_2) on the surface of sphere from a sphere's center O to point P in a plane ...

An illusion in which the eye alternately sees two black faces, or a white goblet.