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Three types of n×n matrices can be obtained by writing Pascal's triangle as a lower triangular matrix and truncating appropriately: a symmetric matrix S_n with (S)_(ij)=(i+j; ...

For algebraic alpha |alpha-p/q|<1/(q^(2+epsilon)), with epsilon>0, has finitely many solutions. Klaus Roth received a Fields medal for this result.

The so-called rule of three is an educational tool utilized historically to verbalize the process of solving basic linear equations with four terms where three of the terms ...

Sarnak's constant is the constant C_(Sarnak) = product_(p>=3)(1-(p+2)/(p^3)) (1) = 0.7236484022... (2) (OEIS A065476), where the product is over the odd primes.

There exists a positive integer s such that every sufficiently large integer is the sum of at most s primes. It follows that there exists a positive integer s_0>=s such that ...

The conjecture that all integers >1 occur as a value of the totient valence function (i.e., all integers >1 occur as multiplicities). The conjecture was proved by Ford ...

The largest square dividing a positive integer n. For n=1, 2, ..., the first few are 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 4, 9, 1, 1, 4, ... (OEIS A008833).

Let a and b be nonzero integers such that a^mb^n!=1 (except when m=n=0). Also let T(a,b) be the set of primes p for which p|(a^k-b) for some nonnegative integer k. Then ...

Taniguchi's constant is defined as C_(Taniguchi) = product_(p)[1-3/(p^3)+2/(p^4)+1/(p^5)-1/(p^6)] (1) = 0.6782344... (2) (OEIS A175639), where the product is over the primes ...

The tau conjecture, also known as Ramanujan's hypothesis after its proposer, states that tau(n)∼O(n^(11/2+epsilon)), where tau(n) is the tau function. This was proven by ...