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Let X_1, ..., X_N be a sequence of independent observations of a random variable X, and let the number of observations N itself be chosen at random. Then Wald's equation ...

Whirls are figures constructed by nesting a sequence of polygons (each having the same number of sides), each slightly smaller and rotated relative to the previous one. The ...

The identity element of an additive monoid or group or of any other algebraic structure (e.g., ring, module, abstract vector space, algebra) equipped with an addition. It is ...

A graph whose nodes are sequences of symbols from some alphabet and whose edges indicate the sequences which might overlap. The above figures show the first few n-dimensional ...

The apeirogon is an extension of the definition of regular polygon to a figure with an infinite number of sides. Its Schläfli symbol is {infty}. The apeirogon can produce a ...

The proposal originally made by Georg Cantor that there is no infinite set with a cardinal number between that of the "small" infinite set of integers aleph_0 and the "large" ...

A Ferrers diagram represents partitions as patterns of dots, with the nth row having the same number of dots as the nth term in the partition. The spelling "Ferrars" (Skiena ...

Grünbaum conjectured that for every m>1, n>2, there exists an m-regular, m-chromatic graph of girth at least n. This result is trivial for n=2 and m=2,3, but only a small ...

The Löwenheim-Skolem theorem is a fundamental result in model theory which states that if a countable theory has a model, then it has a countable model. Furthermore, it has a ...

Let G be a graph, and suppose each edge of G is independently deleted with fixed probability 0<=p<=1. Then the probability that no connected component of G is disconnected as ...