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It is possible to perform multiplication of large numbers in (many) fewer operations than the usual brute-force technique of "long multiplication." As discovered by Karatsuba ...

Linear programming, sometimes known as linear optimization, is the problem of maximizing or minimizing a linear function over a convex polyhedron specified by linear and ...

There are several functions called "Lommel functions." One type of Lommel function appear in the solution to the Lommel differential equation and are given by ...

Lovász (1970) conjectured that every connected vertex-transitive graph is traceable (Gould, p. 33). This conjecture was subsequently verified for several special orders and ...

Nonstandard analysis is a branch of mathematical logic which introduces hyperreal numbers to allow for the existence of "genuine infinitesimals," which are numbers that are ...

An analog of the polyominoes and polyiamonds in which collections of regular hexagons are arranged with adjacent sides. They are also called hexes, hexas, or polyfrobs ...

Separation of variables is a method of solving ordinary and partial differential equations. For an ordinary differential equation (dy)/(dx)=g(x)f(y), (1) where f(y)is nonzero ...

A "square" word consists of two identical adjacent subwords (for example, acbacb). A squarefree word contains no square words as subwords (for example, abcacbabcb). The only ...

A connective in logic which yields true if all conditions are true, and false if any condition is false. A AND B is denoted A ^ B (Mendelson 1997, p. 12), A&B, A intersection ...

A real number that is b-normal for every base 2, 3, 4, ... is said to be absolutely normal. As proved by Borel (1922, p. 198), almost all real numbers in [0,1) are absolutely ...