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Let A be an n×n matrix over a field F. Using the three elementary row and column operations over elements in the field, the n×n matrix xI-A with entries from the principal ...

In particle physics, a spinor field of order 2s describes a particle of spin s, where s is an integer or half-integer. Therefore, a spinor of order 4s contains as much ...

An almost unit is a nonunit in the integral domain of formal power series with a nonzero first coefficient, P=a_1x+a_2x^2+..., where a_1!=0. Under the operation of ...

Every complex matrix A can be broken into a Hermitian part A_H=1/2(A+A^(H)) (i.e., A_H is a Hermitian matrix) and an antihermitian part A_(AH)=1/2(A-A^(H)) (i.e., A_(AH) is ...

An asymmetric matrix is a square matrix that is not symmetric, i.e., a matrix A such that A^(T)!=A, where A^(T) denotes the transpose. An asymmetric matrix therefore ...

Let the characteristic polynomial of an n×n complex matrix A be written in the form P(lambda) = |lambdaI-A| (1) = ...

A basis vector in an n-dimensional vector space is one of any chosen set of n vectors in the space forming a vector basis, i.e., having the property that every vector in the ...

A square matrix is called bisymmetric if it is both centrosymmetric and either symmetric or antisymmetric (Muir 1960, p. 19).

A finite or infinite square matrix with rational entries. (If the matrix is infinite, all but a finite number of entries in each row must be 0.) The sum or product of two ...

Each of the maps in a chain complex ...->C_(i+1)->^(d_(i+1))C_i->^(d_i)C_(i-1)->... is known as a boundary operator.