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Given a commutative unit ring R and an extension ring S, an element s of S is called integral over R if it is one of the roots of a monic polynomial with coefficients in R.

An extension ring R subset= S such that every element of S is integral over R.

An invariant series of a group G is a normal series I=A_0<|A_1<|...<|A_r=G such that each A_i<|G, where H<|G means that H is a normal subgroup of G.

A polynomial admitting a multiplicative inverse. In the polynomial ring R[x], where R is an integral domain, the invertible polynomials are precisely the constant polynomials ...

An element a of a ring which is nonzero, not a unit, and whose only divisors are the trivial ones (i.e., the units and the products ua, where u is a unit). Equivalently, an ...

A proper ideal of a ring that is not the intersection of two ideals which properly contain it. In a principal ideal domain, the ideal I=<a> is irreducible iff a=0 or a is an ...

A ring in which the zero ideal is an irreducible ideal. Every integral domain R is irreducible since if I and J are two nonzero ideals of R, and a in I, b in J are nonzero ...

An algebraic variety is called irreducible if it cannot be written as the union of nonempty algebraic varieties. For example, the set of solutions to xy=0 is reducible ...

Two groups G and H are said to be isoclinic if there are isomorphisms G/Z(G)->H/Z(H) and G^'->H^', where Z(G) is the group center of the group, which identify the two ...

Two groups are isomorphic if the correspondence between them is one-to-one and the "multiplication" table is preserved. For example, the point groups C_2 and D_1 are ...