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An odd permutation is a permutation obtainable from an odd number of two-element swaps, i.e., a permutation with permutation symbol equal to -1. For initial set {1,2,3,4}, ...

An odious number is a nonnegative number that has an odd number of 1s in its binary expansion. The first few odious numbers are therefore 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, ...

Let two disks of radius r intersect one another perpendicularly and have a diameter in common. If the distance between the centers of the disks is sqrt(2) times their radius, ...

Consider the decimal expansion of the reciprocal of the number seven, 1/7=0.142857142857...=0.142857^_, (1) which is a repeating decimal. Now take overlapping pairs of these ...

A function H that maps an arbitrary length message M to a fixed length message digest MD is a one-way hash function if 1. It is a one-way function. 2. Given M and H(M), it is ...

Ono (1914) conjectured that the inequality 27(b^2+c^2-a^2)^2(a^2+c^2-b^2)^2(a^2+b^2-c^2)^2<=(4K)^6 holds true for all triangles, where a, b, and c are the lengths of the ...

A sentential formula that contains at least one free variable (Carnap 1958, p. 24). A sentential variable containing no free variables (i.e., all variables are bound) is ...

Let S be a subset of a metric space. Then the set S is open if every point in S has a neighborhood lying in the set. An open set of radius r and center x_0 is the set of all ...

The ophiuride is a cubic curve (left figure) given by the implicit equation x(x^2+y^2)+(ax-by)y=0, (1) where a>0,b>=0, or by the polar equation ...

The word "order" is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. Most commonly, it refers to the number of elements in (e.g., conjugacy class order, graph order, group ...