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The apodization function A(x)=cos((pix)/(2a)). Its full width at half maximum is 4a/3. Its instrument function is I(k)=(4acos(2piak))/(pi(1-16a^2k^2)), which has a maximum of ...

A counterexample is a form of counter proof. Given a hypothesis stating that F(x) is true for all x in S, show that there exists a b in S such that F(b) is false, ...

A function y=f(x) has critical points at all points x_0 where f^'(x_0)=0 or f(x) is not differentiable. A function z=f(x,y) has critical points where the gradient del f=0 or ...

Let f*g denote the cross-correlation of functions f(t) and g(t). Then f*g = int_(-infty)^inftyf^_(tau)g(t+tau)dtau (1) = ...

A number taken to the power 3 is said to be cubed, so x^3 is called "x cubed." This terminology derives from the fact that the volume of a cube of edge length x is given by ...

Let gamma(t) be a smooth curve in a manifold M from x to y with gamma(0)=x and gamma(1)=y. Then gamma^'(t) in T_(gamma(t)), where T_x is the tangent space of M at x. The ...

A cusp is a point at which two branches of a curve meet such that the tangents of each branch are equal. The above plot shows the semicubical parabola curve x^3-y^2=0, which ...

The function f(x)=1-2|x|^(1/2) for x in [-1,1]. The natural invariant is rho(y)=1/2(1-y).

R_m(x,y) = (J_m^'(x)Y_m^'(y)-J_m^'(y)Y_m^'(x))/(J_m(x)Y_m^'(y)-J_m^'(y)Y_m(x)) (1) S_m(x,y) = (J_m^'(x)Y_m(y)-J_m(y)Y_m^'(x))/(J_m(x)Y_m(y)-J_m(y)Y_m(x)). (2)

The cylindrical parts of a system of real algebraic equations and inequalities in variables {x_1,...,x_n} are the terms f_1 <= x_1<=g_1 (1) f_2(x_1) <= x_2<=g_2(x_1) (2) | ...