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After a half rotation of the coin on the left around the central coin (of the same radius), the coin undergoes a complete rotation. In other words, a coin makes two complete ...

A Colbert number is any prime number with more than 1000000 decimal digits whose discovery contributes to the long-sought after proof that k=78557 is the smallest Sierpiński ...

A function H that maps an arbitrary length message M to a fixed length message digest MD is a collision-free hash function if 1. It is a one-way hash function. 2. It is hard ...

The colon is the symbol ":". It is used in a number of different ways in mathematics. 1. To denote ratio or odds, as in 2:1 (voiced "two to one"). 2. To mean such that in ...

A coloring of plane regions, link segments, etc., is an assignment of a distinct labeling (which could be a number, letter, color, etc.) to each component. Coloring problems ...

The vector space generated by the columns of a matrix viewed as vectors. The column space of an n×m matrix A with real entries is a subspace generated by m elements of R^n, ...

The subset C of the Euclidean plane formed by the union of the x-axis, the line segment with interval [0,1] of the y-axis, and the sequence of segments with endpoints (1/n,0) ...

The number of ways of picking k unordered outcomes from n possibilities. Also known as the binomial coefficient or choice number and read "n choose k," _nC_k=(n; ...

Consider a combination lock consisting of n buttons that can be pressed in any combination (including multiple buttons at once), but in such a way that each number is pressed ...

Let m(G) be the cycle rank of a graph G, m^*(G) be the cocycle rank, and the relative complement G-H of a subgraph H of G be defined as that subgraph obtained by deleting the ...