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An axis is a line with respect to which a curve or figure is drawn, measured, rotated, etc. The most common axes encountered are commonly the mutually perpendicular Cartesian ...

A map projection on which the azimuths of all points are shown correctly with respect to the center (Snyder 1987, p. 4). A plane tangent to one of the Earth's poles is the ...

An Aztec diamond of order n is the region obtained from four staircase shapes of height n by gluing them together along the straight edges. It can therefore be defined as the ...

A B-spline is a generalization of the Bézier curve. Let a vector known as the knot vector be defined T={t_0,t_1,...,t_m}, (1) where T is a nondecreasing sequence with t_i in ...

The vector triple product identity Ax(BxC)=B(A·C)-C(A·B). This identity can be generalized to n dimensions,

The BCI triangle DeltaA^'B^'C^' of a triangle DeltaABC with incenter I is defined by letting A^' be the center of the incircle of DeltaBCI, and similarly defining B^' and ...

A 1-variable unoriented knot polynomial Q(x). It satisfies Q_(unknot)=1 (1) and the skein relationship Q_(L_+)+Q_(L_-)=x(Q_(L_0)+Q_(L_infty)). (2) It also satisfies ...

Backgammon is a board game played by two players. The backgammon board is divided into four sections of six triangular regions on which pieces may be placed. Brown and white ...

A method of solving combinatorial problems by means of an algorithm which is allowed to run forward until a dead end is reached, at which point previous steps are retraced ...

The backward difference is a finite difference defined by del _p=del f_p=f_p-f_(p-1). (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the backward ...