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The south pole is the point on a sphere with minimum z-coordinate for a given coordinate system. For a rotating sphere like the Earth, the natural coordinate system is ...

The space join of a topological space X and a point P, C(X)=X*P.

The line segment connecting opposite polyhedron vertices (i.e., two polyhedron vertices which do not share a common face) in a parallelepiped or other similar solid. Also ...

Let X and Y be topological spaces. Then their join is the factor space X*Y=(X×Y×I)/∼, (1) where ∼ is the equivalence relation (x,y,t)∼(x^',y^',t^')<=>{t=t^'=0 and x=x^'; or ; ...

A nickname for the one-sheeted hyperboloid due to Samuel (1988, p. 95).

Sparklines are word-like graphics that have an intensity of visual distinctions comparable to words or letters (Tufte 2006, p. 4).

An affine transformation that preserves area.

A point which does not lie on at least one ordinary line.

A graphical partitioning based on the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix of a graph.

P_y(nu)=lim_(T->infty)2/T|int_(-T/2)^(T/2)[y(t)-y^_]e^(-2piinut)dt|^2, (1) so int_0^inftyP_y(nu)dnu = lim_(T->infty)1/Tint_(-T/2)^(T/2)[y(t)-y^_]^2dt (2) = <(y-y^_)^2> (3) = ...