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A cograph (or "complement-reducible graph") is simple graph defined by the criteria 1. K_1 is a cograph, 2. If X is a cograph, then so is its graph complement, and 3. If X ...

In the biconjugate gradient method, the residual vector r^((i)) can be regarded as the product of r^((0)) and an ith degree polynomial in A, i.e., r^((i))=P_i(A)r^((0)). (1) ...

The terms of equational logic are built up from variables and constants using function symbols (or operations). Identities (equalities) of the form s=t, (1) where s and t are ...

A field K is said to be an extension field (or field extension, or extension), denoted K/F, of a field F if F is a subfield of K. For example, the complex numbers are an ...

Simply stated, floating-point algebra is algebra performed on floating-point representations by any number of automated devices. Traditionally, this definition is phrased so ...

The homotopy groups generalize the fundamental group to maps from higher dimensional spheres, instead of from the circle. The nth homotopy group of a topological space X is ...

A graph G is a hypotraceable graph if G has no Hamiltonian path (i.e., it is not a traceable graph), but G-v has a Hamiltonian path (i.e., is a traceable graph) for every v ...

An irreducible representation of a group is a group representation that has no nontrivial invariant subspaces. For example, the orthogonal group O(n) has an irreducible ...

In combinatorial logic minimization, a device known as a Karnaugh map is frequently used. It is similar to a truth table, but the various variables are represented along two ...

The Kittell graph is a planar graph on 23 nodes and 63 edges that tangles the Kempe chains in Kempe's algorithm and thus provides an example of how Kempe's supposed proof of ...