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A Diophantine problem (i.e., one whose solution must be given in terms of integers) which seeks a solution to the following problem. Given n men and a pile of coconuts, each ...

The third singular value k_3, corresponding to K^'(k_3)=sqrt(3)K(k_3), (1) is given by k_3=sin(pi/(12))=1/4(sqrt(6)-sqrt(2)). (2) As shown by Legendre, ...

A magic square for which the number of letters in the word for each number generates another magic square. This definition depends, of course, on the language being used. In ...

Catalan's triangle is the number triangle 1 ; 1 1 ; 1 2 2 ; 1 3 5 5 ; 1 4 9 14 14 ; 1 5 14 28 42 42 ; 1 6 20 48 90 132 132 (1) (OEIS A009766) with entries given by ...

The Tucker-Brocard cubic is the triangle cubic with trilinear equation abcsum_(cyclic)aalpha(b^2beta^2+c^2gamma^2)=alphabetagammasum_(cyclic)a^2(b^4+c^4). It passes through ...

The Bernoulli inequality states (1+x)^n>1+nx, (1) where x>-1!=0 is a real number and n>1 an integer. This inequality can be proven by taking a Maclaurin series of (1+x)^n, ...

The word multiplicity is a general term meaning "the number of values for which a given condition holds." For example, the term is used to refer to the value of the totient ...

cos(pi/(30)) = 1/4sqrt(7+sqrt(5)+sqrt(6(5+sqrt(5)))) (1) cos((7pi)/(30)) = 1/4sqrt(7-sqrt(5)+sqrt(6(5-sqrt(5)))) (2) cos((11pi)/(30)) = 1/4sqrt(7+sqrt(5)-sqrt(6(5+sqrt(5)))) ...

The maximal number of regions into which space can be divided by n planes is f(n)=1/6(n^3+5n+6) (Yaglom and Yaglom 1987, pp. 102-106). For n=1, 2, ..., these give the values ...

Convergents of the pi continued fractions are the simplest approximants to pi. The first few are given by 3, 22/7, 333/106, 355/113, 103993/33102, 104348/33215, ... (OEIS ...