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A Lehner continued fraction is a generalized continued fraction of the form b_0+(e_1)/(b_1+(e_2)/(b_2+(e_3)/(b_3+...))) where (b_i,e_(i+1))=(1,1) or (2, -1) for x in [1,2) an ...

The Lemke graph is the 8-node graph with 13 edges illustrated above (Lemke and Kleitman 1989, Hurlbert 2011, Hurlbert 2013). The Lemke graph is the smallest graph that does ...

A method for generating random (pseudorandom) numbers using the linear recurrence relation X_(n+1)=aX_n+c (mod m), where a and c must assume certain fixed values, m is some ...

A branch point whose neighborhood of values wrap around an infinite number of times as their complex arguments are varied. The point z=0 under the function lnz is therefore a ...

A longimeter is a transparent sheet of plastic with a regular grid of lines inclined at an angle of 30 degrees to the sides of the sheet. By counting the number of squares ...

A magic hexagram is a hexagram partitioned into triangles such that the sums of numbers in the six directions illustrated above sum to the same number. There are exactly two ...

The matrix tree theorem, also called Kirchhoff's matrix-tree theorem (Buekenhout and Parker 1998), states that the number of nonidentical spanning trees of a graph G is equal ...

A large number defined as where the circle notation denotes "n in n squares," and triangles and squares are expanded in terms of Steinhaus-Moser notation (Steinhaus 1999, pp. ...

A metric space is a set S with a global distance function (the metric g) that, for every two points x,y in S, gives the distance between them as a nonnegative real number ...

If the period of a repeating decimal for a/p, where p is prime and a/p is a reduced fraction, has an even number of digits, then dividing the repeating portion into halves ...