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The sequence generated by repeated application of a map. The map is said to have a closed orbit if it has a finite number of elements.

The (upper) matching number nu(G) of graph G, sometimes known as the edge independence number, is the size of a maximum independent edge set. Equivalently, it is the degree ...

A Maurer rose is a plot of a "walk" along an n- (or 2n-) leafed rose curve in steps of a fixed number d degrees, including all cosets.

The ring of integers of a number field K, denoted O_K, is the set of algebraic integers in K, which is a ring of dimension d over Z, where d is the extension degree of K over ...

A set having the largest number k of distinct residue classes modulo m so that no subset has zero sum.

The series with sum sum_(n=0)^infty1/(F_(2^n))=1/2(7-sqrt(5)), where F_k is a Fibonacci number (Honsberger 1985).

A vertex coloring is an assignment of labels or colors to each vertex of a graph such that no edge connects two identically colored vertices. A vertex coloring that minimize ...

Let R be a number ring of degree n with 2s imaginary embeddings. Then every ideal class of R contains an ideal J such that ||J||<=(n!)/(n^n)(4/pi)^ssqrt(|disc(R)|), where ...

The operation of subtraction, i.e., a minus b. The operation is denoted a-b. The minus sign "-" is also used to denote a negative number, i.e., -x.

Topological lower bounds in terms of Betti numbers for the number of critical points form a smooth function on a smooth manifold.