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The polar coordinates r (the radial coordinate) and theta (the angular coordinate, often called the polar angle) are defined in terms of Cartesian coordinates by x = ...

Euler's 6n+1 theorem states that every prime of the form 6n+1, (i.e., 7, 13, 19, 31, 37, 43, 61, 67, ..., which are also the primes of the form 3n+1; OEIS A002476) can be ...

The complexity c_n of an integer n is the least number of 1s needed to represent it using only additions, multiplications, and parentheses. For example, the numbers 1 through ...

The Droussent cubic is the triangle cubic with trilinear equation sum_(cyclic)(b^4+c^4-a^4-b^2c^2)aalpha(b^2beta^2-c^2gamma^2)=0. It passes through Kimberling centers X_n for ...

Two matrices A and B are said to be equal iff a_(ij)=b_(ij) (1) for all i,j. Therefore, [1 2; 3 4]=[1 2; 3 4], (2) while [1 2; 3 4]!=[0 2; 3 4]. (3)

Euler (1772ab) conjectured that there are no positive integer solutions to the quartic Diophantine equation A^4=B^4+C^4+D^4. This conjecture was disproved by Elkies (1988), ...

The term "parameter" is used in a number of ways in mathematics. In general, mathematical functions may have a number of arguments. Arguments that are typically varied when ...

The Dürer folium is a special case of the rose curve with n=1. It is therefore also an epitrochoid. It has polar equation r=asin(theta/2) (1) and can be written as a ...

If any set of points is displaced by X^idx_i where all distance relationships are unchanged (i.e., there is an isometry), then the vector field is called a Killing vector. ...

The arc length of the parabolic segment y=h(1-(x^2)/(a^2)) (1) illustrated above is given by s = int_(-a)^asqrt(1+y^('2))dx (2) = 2int_0^asqrt(1+y^('2))dx (3) = ...