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In general, a singularity is a point at which an equation, surface, etc., blows up or becomes degenerate. Singularities are often also called singular points. Singularities ...

A surface (or "space") of section, also called a Poincaré section (Rasband 1990, pp. 7 and 93-94), is a way of presenting a trajectory in n-dimensional phase space in an ...

The objective of global optimization is to find the globally best solution of (possibly nonlinear) models, in the (possible or known) presence of multiple local optima. ...

One would think that by analogy with the matching-generating polynomial, independence polynomial, etc., a cycle polynomial whose coefficients are the numbers of cycles of ...

The transformation of a sequence a_1, a_2, ... with a_n=sum_(d|n)b_d (1) into the sequence b_1, b_2, ... via the Möbius inversion formula, b_n=sum_(d|n)mu(n/d)a_d. (2) The ...

Anomalous cancellation is a "canceling" of digits of a and b in the numerator and denominator of a fraction a/b which results in a fraction equal to the original. Note that ...

The Jacobi method is a method of solving a matrix equation on a matrix that has no zeros along its main diagonal (Bronshtein and Semendyayev 1997, p. 892). Each diagonal ...

Affine functions represent vector-valued functions of the form f(x_1,...,x_n)=A_1x_1+...+A_nx_n+b. The coefficients can be scalars or dense or sparse matrices. The constant ...

An affine geometry is a geometry in which properties are preserved by parallel projection from one plane to another. In an affine geometry, the third and fourth of Euclid's ...

A two-dimensional affine geometry constructed over a finite field. For a field F of size n, the affine plane consists of the set of points which are ordered pairs of elements ...