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For s>1, the Riemann zeta function is given by zeta(s) = sum_(n=1)^(infty)1/(n^s) (1) = product_(k=1)^(infty)1/(1-1/(p_k^s)), (2) where p_k is the kth prime. This is Euler's ...

A field K is said to be an extension field (or field extension, or extension), denoted K/F, of a field F if F is a subfield of K. For example, the complex numbers are an ...

Faà di Bruno's formula gives an explicit equation for the nth derivative of the composition f(g(t)). If f(t) and g(t) are functions for which all necessary derivatives are ...

A gamma distribution is a general type of statistical distribution that is related to the beta distribution and arises naturally in processes for which the waiting times ...

There are essentially three types of Fisher-Tippett extreme value distributions. The most common is the type I distribution, which are sometimes referred to as Gumbel types ...

The (circular) helicoid is the minimal surface having a (circular) helix as its boundary. It is the only ruled minimal surface other than the plane (Catalan 1842, do Carmo ...

In hexagonal close packing, layers of spheres are packed so that spheres in alternating layers overlie one another. As in cubic close packing, each sphere is surrounded by 12 ...

The inverse cosine is the multivalued function cos^(-1)z (Zwillinger 1995, p. 465), also denoted arccosz (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 79; Harris and Stocker 1998, p. 307; ...

Attach a string to a point on a curve. Extend the string so that it is tangent to the curve at the point of attachment. Then wind the string up, keeping it always taut. The ...

Let R(z) be a rational function R(z)=(P(z))/(Q(z)), (1) where z in C^*, C^* is the Riemann sphere C union {infty}, and P and Q are polynomials without common divisors. The ...