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A lossless data compression algorithm which uses a small number of bits to encode common characters. Huffman coding approximates the probability for each character as a power ...

The identity function id(x) is the function id(x)=x which assigns every real number x to the same real number x. It is identical to the identity map. The identity function is ...

A semiprime which English economist and logician William Stanley Jevons incorrectly believed no one else would be able to factor. According to Jevons (1874, p. 123), "Can the ...

The sequence of numbers {j_n} giving the number of digits in the three-fold power tower n^(n^n). The values of n^(n^n) for n=1, 2, ... are 1, 16, 7625597484987, ... (OEIS ...

A tree with its nodes labeled. The number of labeled trees on n nodes is n^(n-2), the first few values of which are 1, 1, 3, 16, 125, 1296, ... (OEIS A000272). Cayley (1889) ...

The process of finding a reduced set of basis vectors for a given lattice having certain special properties. Lattice reduction algorithms are used in a number of modern ...

A closed interval corresponding to a finite portion of an infinite line. Line segments are generally labeled with two letters corresponding to their endpoints, say A and B, ...

A set of n magic circles is a numbering of the intersections of the n circles such that the sum over all intersections is the same constant for all circles. The above sets of ...

There are several different kinds of magic numbers. The digital root and magic constant are sometimes known as magic numbers. In baseball, the magic number for a team in ...

The Meringer graph is one of the four (5,5)-cage graphs, discovered by Meringer (1999) after it had long been thought that only three such cages existed. Like the other ...