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A number h which satisfies the conditions of the congruum problem: x^2+h=a^2 and x^2-h=b^2, where x,h,a,b are integers. The list of congrua is given by 24, 96, 120, 240, 336, ...

A group having continuous group operations. A continuous group is necessarily infinite, since an infinite group just has to contain an infinite number of elements. But some ...

Let the absolute frequencies of occurrence of an event in a number of class intervals be denoted f_1, f_2, .... The cumulative frequency corresponding to the upper boundary ...

A degree set is a set of integers that make up a degree sequence. Any set of positive integers is the degree set for some graph, because any odd integer from that set can be ...

Given any real number theta and any positive integer N, there exist integers h and k with 0<k<=N such that |ktheta-h|<1/N. A slightly weaker form of the theorem states that ...

A number n is said to be divisible by d if d is a divisor of n. The function Divisible[n, d] returns True if an integer n is divisible by an integer d. The product of any n ...

Down arrow notation is an inverse of the Knuth up-arrow notation defined by evn = lnn (1) evvn = ln^*n (2) evvvn = ln^(**)n, (3) where ln^*n is the number of times the ...

136·2^(256) approx 1.575×10^(79). According to Eddington, the exact number of protons in the universe, where 136 was the reciprocal of the fine structure constant as best as ...

An Euler pseudoprime to the base b is a composite number n which satisfies b^((n-1)/2)=+/-1 (mod n). The first few base-2 Euler pseudoprimes are 341, 561, 1105, 1729, 1905, ...

The sum of powers of even divisors of a number. It is the analog of the divisor function for even divisors only and is written sigma_k^((e))(n). It is given simply in terms ...