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A prize of 100000 German marks offered for the first valid proof of Fermat's last theorem (Ball and Coxeter 1987, p. 72; Barner 1997; Hoffman 1998, pp. 193-194 and 199). The ...

An illusion invented by the German psychologist Wilhelm Wundt in the 19th century. In the figure above, the two red horizontal lines are both straight, but they look as if ...

Begin with the Yff central triangle and then parallel-displace the isoscelizers in such a way as to reduce the central triangle to a point while keeping the other three ...

A figure used in many Asian cultures to symbolize the unity of the two "opposite" female and male elements, the "yin" and "yang." The solid and hollow parts composing the ...

The Zak transform is a signal transform relevant to time-continuous signals sampled at a uniform rate and an arbitrary clock phase (Janssen 1988). The Zak transform of a ...

A version of set theory which is a formal system expressed in first-order predicate logic. Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory is based on the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms. ...

Given a positive nondecreasing sequence 0<lambda_1<=lambda_2<=..., the zeta-regularized product is defined by product_(n=1)^^^inftylambda_n=exp(-zeta_lambda^'(0)), where ...

Linear Algebra

Trigonometry

de Rham cohomology is a formal set-up for the analytic problem: If you have a differential k-form omega on a manifold M, is it the exterior derivative of another differential ...