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Roman numerals are a system of numerical notations used by the Romans. They are an additive (and subtractive) system in which letters are used to denote certain "base" ...

A graph G whose line graph is L(G) is called the root graph R(L(G)) of L(G). In order words, R(L(G))=G. The root graph of a connected graph is unique except for K_3=C_3 (the ...

In the illusion illustrated above, when the concentric square borders with rounded edges are rotated slowly, the entire pattern appears to pulsate radially.

The rotation operator can be derived from examining an infinitesimal rotation (d/(dt))_(space)=(d/(dt))_(body)+omegax, where d/dt is the time derivative, omega is the angular ...

A straightedge with markings to indicate distances. Although geometric constructions are sometimes said to be performed with a ruler and compass, the term straightedge is ...

A knot which tightens around an object when strained but slackens when the strain is removed. Running knots are sometimes also known as slip knots or nooses.

A Greek cross rotated by 45 degrees, also called the crux decussata, illustrated schematically above in polyomino form. The multiplication sign × is based on Saint Andrew's ...

An odd Walsh function with sequency k defined by Sal(n,k)=W(n,2k).

A function f(x_1,...,x_n) of one or more variables whose range is one-dimensional, as compared to a vector function, whose range is three-dimensional (or, in general, ...

For R[z]>0, where J_nu(z) is a Bessel function of the first kind.