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Also known as "Laplacian" determinant expansion by minors, expansion by minors is a technique for computing the determinant of a given square matrix M. Although efficient for ...

The difference between the sum of the angles A, B, and C of a spherical triangle and pi radians (180 degrees), E=A+B+C-pi. The notation Delta is sometimes used for spherical ...

A torispherical dome is the surface obtained from the intersection of a spherical cap with a tangent torus, as illustrated above. The radius of the sphere R is called the ...

The torsion of a space curve, sometimes also called the "second curvature" (Kreyszig 1991, p. 47), is the rate of change of the curve's osculating plane. The torsion tau is ...

Define E(x;q,a)=psi(x;q,a)-x/(phi(q)), (1) where psi(x;q,a)=sum_(n<=x; n=a (mod q))Lambda(n) (2) (Davenport 1980, p. 121), Lambda(n) is the Mangoldt function, and phi(q) is ...

Given a general second tensor rank tensor A_(ij) and a metric g_(ij), define theta = A_(ij)g^(ij)=A_i^i (1) omega^i = epsilon^(ijk)A_(jk) (2) sigma_(ij) = ...

The trace of a second-tensor rank tensor T is a scalar given by the contracted mixed tensor equal to T_i^i. The trace satisfies ...

Trigonometric identities which prove useful in the construction of map projections include (1) where A^' = A-C (2) B^' = 2B-4D (3) C^' = 4C (4) D^' = 8D. (5) ...

The first Brocard Cevian triangle is the Cevian triangle of the first Brocard point. It has area Delta_1=(2a^2b^2c^2)/((a^2+b^2)(b^2+c^2)(c^2+a^2))Delta, where Delta is the ...

The second Brocard Cevian triangle is the Cevian triangle of the second Brocard point. It has area Delta_2=(2a^2b^2c^2)/((a^2+b^2)(b^2+c^2)(c^2+a^2))Delta, where Delta is the ...