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The Hamming distance between two vertices of a hypercube is the number of coordinates at which the two vertices differ.

A family of subsets of a topological space such that every point has a neighborhood which intersects only a finite number of them.

A very large number defined in terms of circle notation by Steinhaus (1983) as .

A number theoretic function is a function whose domain is the set of positive integers.

The number of outward directed graph edges from a given graph vertex in a directed graph.

The polynomial giving the number of colorings with m colors of a structure defined by a permutation group.

alpha is called a predecessor if there is no ordinal number beta such that beta+1=alpha.

The cumulative frequency in a frequency distribution divided by the total number of data points.

The ratio of the absolute frequency to the total number of data points in a frequency distribution.

A system is singular if its condition number is infinite and ill-conditioned if it is too large.