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The noncentral chi-squared distribution with noncentrality parameter lambda is given by P_r(x) = ...

The ratio X/Y of independent normally distributed variates with zero mean is distributed with a Cauchy distribution. This can be seen as follows. Let X and Y both have mean 0 ...

Let H be a subgroup of a group G. The similarity transformation of H by a fixed element x in G not in H always gives a subgroup. If xHx^(-1)=H for every element x in G, then ...

Amazingly, the distribution of a sum of two normally distributed independent variates X and Y with means and variances (mu_x,sigma_x^2) and (mu_y,sigma_y^2), respectively is ...

Suppose that A and B are two normed (Banach) algebras. A vector space X is called an A-B-bimodule whenever it is simultaneously a normed (Banach) left A-module, a normed ...

A null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis that is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true (usually that observations are the result of chance). ...

An oriented graph is a directed graph having no symmetric pair of directed edges. A complete oriented graph is called a tournament. The numbers of oriented graphs on n=1, 2, ...

The orthogonal complement of a subspace V of the vector space R^n is the set of vectors which are orthogonal to all elements of V. For example, the orthogonal complement of ...

The orthographic projection is a projection from infinity that preserves neither area nor angle. It is given by x = cosphisin(lambda-lambda_0) (1) y = ...

An orthonormal set is a set of normalized orthogonal vectors or functions.