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An isogonal mapping is a transformation w=f(z) that preserves the magnitudes of local angles, but not their orientation. A few examples are illustrated above. A conformal ...

The isoperimetric quotient of a closed curve is defined as the ratio of the curve area to the area of a circle (A=pir_A^2) with same perimeter (p=2pir_p) as the curve, Q = ...

Jessen's orthogonal icosahedron is a concave shaky polyhedron constructed by replacing six pairs of adjacent triangles in an icosahedron (whose edges form a skew ...

Jordan's lemma shows the value of the integral I=int_(-infty)^inftyf(x)e^(iax)dx (1) along the infinite upper semicircle and with a>0 is 0 for "nice" functions which satisfy ...

The operator tpartial/partialr that can be used to derive multivariate formulas for moments and cumulants from corresponding univariate formulas. For example, to derive the ...

The Kirchhoff index Kf, also simply called the resistance and denoted R (Lukovits et al. 1999), of a connected graph G on n nodes is defined by ...

For every ring containing p spheres, there exists a ring of q spheres, each touching each of the p spheres, where 1/p+1/q=1/2, (1) which can also be written (p-2)(q-2)=4. (2) ...

Let alpha(x) be a step function with the jump j(x)=(N; x)p^xq^(N-x) (1) at x=0, 1, ..., N, where p>0,q>0, and p+q=1. Then the Krawtchouk polynomial is defined by ...

The simplest interpretation of the Kronecker delta is as the discrete version of the delta function defined by delta_(ij)={0 for i!=j; 1 for i=j. (1) The Kronecker delta is ...

Let lambda be the longitude, lambda_0 the reference longitude, phi the latitude, phi_0 the reference latitude, and phi_1 and phi_2 the standard parallels. Then the ...