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For any two nonzero p-adic numbers a and b, the Hilbert symbol is defined as (a,b)={1 if z^2=ax^2+by^2 has a nonzero solution; -1 otherwise. (1) If the p-adic field is not ...

A generalization of the Fibonacci numbers defined by the four constants (p,q,r,s) and the definitions H_0=p and H_1=q together with the linear recurrence equation ...

The solid cut from a horizontal cylinder of length L and radius R by a single plane oriented parallel to the cylinder's axis of symmetry (i.e., a portion of a horizontal ...

A root-finding algorithm based on the iteration formula x_(n+1)=x_n-(f(x_n))/(f^'(x_n)){1+(f(x_n)f^('')(x_n))/(2[f^'(x_n)]^2)}. This method, like Newton's method, has poor ...

A hyperbolic fixed point of a differential equation is a fixed point for which the stability matrix has eigenvalues lambda_1<0<lambda_2, also called a saddle point. A ...

An identity is a mathematical relationship equating one quantity to another (which may initially appear to be different).

A polynomial of the form f(x)=a_nx^n+a_(n-1)x^(n-1)+...+a_1x+a_0 having coefficients a_i that are all integers. An integer polynomial gives integer values for all integer ...

A differential ideal is an ideal I in the ring of smooth forms on a manifold M. That is, it is closed under addition, scalar multiplication, and wedge product with an ...

A method which can be used to solve the initial value problem for certain classes of nonlinear partial differential equations. The method reduces the initial value problem to ...

Consider a second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0. If P(x) and Q(x) remain finite at x=x_0, then x_0 is called an ordinary point. If either P(x) ...