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The maximal matching-generating polynomial M_G(x) for the graph G may be defined as the polynomial M_G(x)=sum_(k=nu_L(G))^(nu(G))m_kx^k, where nu_L(G) is the lower matching ...

A slightly archaic term for a computer-generated random number. The prefix pseudo- is used to distinguish this type of number from a "truly" random number generated by a ...

For any real number r>=0, an irrational number alpha can be approximated by infinitely many rational fractions p/q in such a way that ...

The fractional derivative of f(t) of order mu>0 (if it exists) can be defined in terms of the fractional integral D^(-nu)f(t) as D^muf(t)=D^m[D^(-(m-mu))f(t)], (1) where m is ...

A hypotrochoid is a roulette traced by a point P attached to a circle of radius b rolling around the inside of a fixed circle of radius a, where P is a distance h from the ...

For a logarithmic spiral given parametrically as x = ae^(bt)cost (1) y = ae^(bt)sint, (2) evolute is given by x_e = -abe^(bt)sint (3) y_e = abe^(bt)cost. (4) As first shown ...

The supersphere is the algebraic surface that is the special case of the superellipse with a=b=c. It has equation |x/a|^n+|y/a|^n+|z/a|^n=1 (1) or |x|^n+|y|^n+|z|^n=a^n (2) ...

The lemniscate, also called the lemniscate of Bernoulli, is a polar curve defined as the locus of points such that the the product of distances from two fixed points (-a,0) ...

Calculus of variations can be used to find the curve from a point (x_1,y_1) to a point (x_2,y_2) which, when revolved around the x-axis, yields a surface of smallest surface ...

Clean tile is a game investigated by Buffon (1777) in which players bet on the number of different tiles a thrown coin will partially cover on a floor that is regularly ...