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Given a quadratic form Q(x,y)=x^2+y^2, (1) then Q(x,y)Q(x^',y^')=Q(xx^'-yy^',x^'y+xy^'), (2) since (x^2+y^2)(x^('2)+y^('2)) = (xx^'-yy^')^2+(xy^'+x^'y)^2 (3) = ...

For every positive integer n, there exists a circle which contains exactly n lattice points in its interior. H. Steinhaus proved that for every positive integer n, there ...

For some constant alpha_0, alpha(f,z)<alpha_0 implies that z is an approximate zero of f, where alpha(f,z)=(|f(z)|)/(|f^'(z)|)sup_(k>1)|(f^((k))(z))/(k!f^'(z))|^(1/(k-1)). ...

An amicable quadruple as a quadruple (a,b,c,d) such that sigma(a)=sigma(b)=sigma(c)=sigma(d)=a+b+c+d, (1) where sigma(n) is the divisor function. If (a,b) and (x,y) are ...

Given a principal bundle pi:A->M, with fiber a Lie group G and base manifold M, and a group representation of G, say phi:G×V->V, then the associated vector bundle is ...

Informally, the term asymptotic means approaching a value or curve arbitrarily closely (i.e., as some sort of limit is taken). A line or curve A that is asymptotic to given ...

Let n be an integer variable which tends to infinity and let x be a continuous variable tending to some limit. Also, let phi(n) or phi(x) be a positive function and f(n) or ...

The axiom of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory which asserts the existence of a set containing all the natural numbers, exists x(emptyset in x ^ forall y in x(y^' in x)), where ...

The backward difference is a finite difference defined by del _p=del f_p=f_p-f_(p-1). (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the backward ...

If a contour in the complex plane is curved such that it separates the increasing and decreasing sequences of poles, then ...