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The norm topology on a normed space X=(X,||·||_X) is the topology tau consisting of all sets which can be written as a (possibly empty) union of sets of the form B_r(x)={y in ...

A problem is assigned to the P (polynomial time) class if there exists at least one algorithm to solve that problem, such that the number of steps of the algorithm is bounded ...

A partial algebra is a pair A=(A,(f_i^A)_(i in I)), where for each i in I, there are an ordinal number alpha_i and a set X_i subset= A^(alpha_i) such that f_i^A is a function ...

The party problem, also known as the maximum clique problem, asks to find the minimum number of guests that must be invited so that at least m will know each other or at ...

The angular position of a quantity. For example, the phase of a function cos(omegat+phi_0) as a function of time is phi(t)=omegat+phi_0. The complex argument of a complex ...

A prismatoid having planar sides and the same number of vertices in both of its parallel planes. The faces of a prismoid are therefore either trapezoids or parallelograms. ...

A random composition of a number n in k parts is one of the (n+k-1; n) possible compositions of n, where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. A random composition can be given ...

The real axis is the line in the complex plane corresponding to zero imaginary part, I[z]=0. Every real number corresponds to a unique point on the real axis.

An algorithm for multiplying two 32-bit integers modulo a 32-bit constant without using any intermediates larger than 32 bits. It is also useful in certain types of random ...

A set function is a function whose domain is a collection of sets. In many instances in real analysis, a set function is a function which associates an affinely extended real ...