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There are six Painlevé transcendents, corresponding to second-order ordinary differential equations whose only movable singularities are ordinary poles and which cannot be ...

An independent vertex set of a graph G is a subset of the vertices such that no two vertices in the subset represent an edge of G. The figure above shows independent sets ...

Stanley's theorem states that the total number of 1s that occur among all unordered partitions of a positive integer is equal to the sum of the numbers of distinct members of ...

A curve whose name means skull-like. It is given by the polar equation r=asint+bsqrt(1-pcos^2t)+csqrt(1-qcos^2t), where a,b,c>0, a<b+c, 0<p<1, 0<q<1, and p!=q. The top of the ...

Ellipsoidal harmonics of the second kind, also known as Lamé functions of the second kind, are variously defined as F_m^p(x)=(2m+1)E_m^p(x) ...

Let {a_n} be a series of positive terms with a_(n+1)<=a_n. Then sum_(n=1)^(infty)a_n converges iff sum_(k=0)^infty2^ka_(2^k) converges.

The Cramér conjecture is the unproven conjecture that lim sup_(n->infty)(p_(n+1)-p_n)/((lnp_n)^2)=1, where p_n is the nth prime.

The first Debye function is defined by D_n^((1))(x) = int_0^x(t^ndt)/(e^t-1) (1) = x^n[1/n-x/(2(n+1))+sum_(k=1)^(infty)(B_(2k)x^(2k))/((2k+n)(2k!))], (2) for |x|<2pi, n>=1, ...

The exponential factorial is defined by the recurrence relation a_n=n^(a_(n-1)), (1) where a_0=1. The first few terms are therefore a_1 = 1 (2) a_2 = 2^1=2 (3) a_3 = ...

Gaussian brackets are notation published by Gauss in Disquisitiones Arithmeticae and defined by [ ]=1 (1) [a_1]=a_1 (2) [a_1,a_2]=[a_1]a_2+[ ] (3) ...