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A number D that possesses no common divisor with a prime number p is either a quadratic residue or nonresidue of p, depending whether D^((p-1)/2) is congruent mod p to +/-1.

A number of the form 2^n-1 obtained by setting x=1 in a Fermat-Lucas polynomial, more commonly known as a Mersenne number.

The number sign # sometimes used in mathematics to indicate the number of a quantity satisfying some condition, e.g., #{n:n>1}. The symbol is also used to denote a primorial.

A set partition of a set S is a collection of disjoint subsets of S whose union is S. The number of partitions of the set {k}_(k=1)^n is called a Bell number.

Find the m×n array of single digits which contains the maximum possible number of primes, where allowable primes may lie along any horizontal, vertical, or diagonal line. For ...

Find consecutive powers, i.e., solutions to x^p-y^q=+/-1, excluding 0 and 1. Catalan's conjecture states that the only solution is 3^2-2^3=1, so 8 and 9 (2^3 and 3^2) are the ...

The first Hardy-Littlewood conjecture is called the k-tuple conjecture. It states that the asymptotic number of prime constellations can be computed explicitly. A particular ...

The asymptotic form of the n-step Bernoulli distribution with parameters p and q=1-p is given by P_n(k) = (n; k)p^kq^(n-k) (1) ∼ 1/(sqrt(2pinpq))e^(-(k-np)^2/(2npq)) (2) ...

The differential equation describing exponential growth is (dN)/(dt)=rN. (1) This can be integrated directly int_(N_0)^N(dN)/N=int_0^trdt (2) to give ln(N/(N_0))=rt, (3) ...

Simple harmonic motion refers to the periodic sinusoidal oscillation of an object or quantity. Simple harmonic motion is executed by any quantity obeying the differential ...