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Elementary number theory is the branch of number theory in which elementary methods (i.e., arithmetic, geometry, and high school algebra) are used to solve equations with ...

A statistic which assigns a single number to several individual statistics in order to quantify trends. The best-known index in the United States is the consumer price index, ...

The Stiefel-Whitney number is defined in terms of the Stiefel-Whitney class of a manifold as follows. For any collection of Stiefel-Whitney classes such that their cup ...

An n-step Fibonacci sequence {F_k^((n))}_(k=1)^infty is defined by letting F_k^((n))=0 for k<=0, F_1^((n))=F_2^((n))=1, and other terms according to the linear recurrence ...

A generalization of Poncelet's continuity principle made by H. Schubert in 1874-1879. The conservation of number principle asserts that the number of solutions of any ...

A centered polygonal number consisting of a central dot with five dots around it, and then additional dots in the gaps between adjacent dots. The general term is ...

A centered polygonal number consisting of a central dot with four dots around it, and then additional dots in the gaps between adjacent dots. The general term is n^2+(n+1)^2, ...

The sum of the first n odd numbers is a square number, sum_(k=1)^n(2k-1)=n^2. A sort of converse also exists, namely the difference of the nth and (n-1)st square numbers is ...

A pseudoperfect number for which none of its proper divisors are pseudoperfect (Guy 1994, p. 46). The first few are 6, 20, 28, 88, 104, 272, ... (OEIS A006036). Primitive ...

The lower clique number omega_L(G) of a graph G may be defined as the size of a smallest maximal clique in a graph G. It therefore corresponds to the coefficient of the ...