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The signature s(K) of a knot K can be defined using the skein relationship s(unknot)=0 (1) s(K_+)-s(K_-) in {0,2}, (2) and 4|s(K)<->del (K)(2i)>0, (3) where del (K) is the ...

The Landau-Mignotte bound, also known as the Mignotte bound, is used in univariate polynomial factorization to determine the number of Hensel lifting steps needed. It gives ...

In number theory (e.g., Ivić 2003), the symbol log_kx is commonly used to mean the nested logarithm (also called the repeated logarithm or iterated logarithm) ...

A mapping of random number triples to points in spherical coordinates according to theta = 2piX_n (1) phi = piX_(n+1) (2) r = sqrt(X_(n+2)) (3) in order to detect unexpected ...

A graphical plot with abscissa given by the number p of consecutive numbers constituting a single period and ordinate given by the correlation ratio eta. The equation of the ...

A power mean is a mean of the form M_p(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=(1/nsum_(k=1)^na_k^p)^(1/p), (1) where the parameter p is an affinely extended real number and all a_k>=0. A power ...

A random permutation is a permutation containing a fixed number n of a random selection from a given set of elements. There are two main algorithms for constructing random ...

A random variable is a measurable function from a probability space (S,S,P) into a measurable space (S^',S^') known as the state space (Doob 1996). Papoulis (1984, p. 88) ...

Somos defines a rational triangle as a triangle such that all three sides measured relative to each other are rational. Koblitz (1993) defined a congruent number as an ...

A number of areas of mathematics have the notion of a "dual" which can be applies to objects of that particular area. Whenever an object A has the property that it is equal ...