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If a is an arbitrary integer relatively prime to n and g is a primitive root of n, then there exists among the numbers 0, 1, 2, ..., phi(n)-1, where phi(n) is the totient ...

There are several statistical quantities called means, e.g., harmonic mean, geometric mean, arithmetic-geometric mean, and root-mean-square. When applied to two elements a ...

Newton's iteration is an algorithm for computing the square root sqrt(n) of a number n via the recurrence equation x_(k+1)=1/2(x_k+n/(x_k)), (1) where x_0=1. This recurrence ...

A transcendental number is a (possibly complex) number that is not the root of any integer polynomial, meaning that it is not an algebraic number of any degree. Every real ...

If F is an algebraic Galois extension field of K such that the Galois group of the extension is Abelian, then F is said to be an Abelian extension of K. For example, ...

The number 2^(1/3)=RadicalBox[2, 3] (the cube root of 2) which is to be constructed in the cube duplication problem. This number is not a Euclidean number although it is an ...

There are several different kinds of magic numbers. The digital root and magic constant are sometimes known as magic numbers. In baseball, the magic number for a team in ...

Nonhomogeneous matrix equations of the form Ax=b (1) can be solved by taking the matrix inverse to obtain x=A^(-1)b. (2) This equation will have a nontrivial solution iff the ...

The Theodorus spiral, also known as the Einstein spiral, Pythagorean spiral, square root spiral, or--to contrast it with certain continuous analogs--the discrete spiral of ...

Andrica's conjecture states that, for p_n the nth prime number, the inequality A_n=sqrt(p_(n+1))-sqrt(p_n)<1 holds, where the discrete function A_n is plotted above. The ...