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There are a number of functions in mathematics denoted with upper or lower case Qs. 1. The nome q. 2. A prefix denoting q-analogs and q-series. 3. Q_n or q_n with n=0, 1, 2, ...

A functional is a real-valued function on a vector space V, usually of functions. For example, the energy functional on the unit disk D assigns a number to any differentiable ...

If any set of points is displaced by X^idx_i where all distance relationships are unchanged (i.e., there is an isometry), then the vector field is called a Killing vector. ...

A vector space V with a ring structure and a vector norm such that for all v,W in V, ||vw||<=||v||||w||. If V has a multiplicative identity 1, it is also required that ...

The parallelogram law gives the rule for vector addition of vectors A and B. The sum A+B of the vectors is obtained by placing them head to tail and drawing the vector from ...

An invertible linear transformation T:V->W is a map between vector spaces V and W with an inverse map which is also a linear transformation. When T is given by matrix ...

The term used in physics and engineering for a harmonic function. Potential functions are extremely useful, for example, in electromagnetism, where they reduce the study of a ...

Consider a bivariate normal distribution in variables x and y with covariance rho=rho_(11)=<xy>-<x><y> (1) and an arbitrary function g(x,y). Then the expected value of the ...

Partial differential equation boundary conditions which, for an elliptic partial differential equation in a region Omega, specify that the sum of alphau and the normal ...

The second, or diamond, group isomorphism theorem, states that if G is a group with A,B subset= G, and A subset= N_G(B), then (A intersection B)⊴A and AB/B=A/A intersection ...