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Also known as the Serret-Frenet formulas, these vector differential equations relate inherent properties of a parametrized curve. In matrix form, they can be written [T^.; ...

A presentation of a group is a description of a set I and a subset R of the free group F(I) generated by I, written <(x_i)_(i in I)|(r)_(r in R)>, where r=1 (the identity ...

The upper central series of a group G is the sequence of groups (each term normal in the term following it) 1=Z_0<=Z_1<=Z_2<=...<=Z_n<=... that is constructed in the ...

An orientation on an n-dimensional manifold is given by a nowhere vanishing differential n-form. Alternatively, it is an bundle orientation for the tangent bundle. If an ...

Let V=R^k be a k-dimensional vector space over R, let S subset V, and let W={w in V:w·n^^=0} be a subspace of V of dimension k-1, where n^^ is a unit normal vector of W. Then ...

In simple algebra, multiplication is the process of calculating the result when a number a is taken b times. The result of a multiplication is called the product of a and b, ...

The orthogonal complement of a subspace V of the vector space R^n is the set of vectors which are orthogonal to all elements of V. For example, the orthogonal complement of ...

The set of all planes through a line. The line is sometimes called the axis of the sheaf, and the sheaf itself is sometimes called a pencil (Altshiller-Court 1979, p. 12; ...

A short exact sequence of groups A, B, and C is given by two maps alpha:A->B and beta:B->C and is written 0->A->B->C->0. (1) Because it is an exact sequence, alpha is ...

In predicate calculus, a universal formula is a prenex normal form formula (i.e., a formula written as a string of quantifiers and bound variables followed by a ...