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The word "normal form" is used in a variety of different ways in mathematics. In general, it refers to a way of representing objects so that, although each may have many ...

If X_i for i=1, ..., m has a multivariate normal distribution with mean vector mu=0 and covariance matrix Sigma, and X denotes the m×p matrix composed of the row vectors X_i, ...

The chi distribution with n degrees of freedom is the distribution followed by the square root of a chi-squared random variable. For n=1, the chi distribution is a ...

Let H be a subgroup of a group G. The similarity transformation of H by a fixed element x in G not in H always gives a subgroup. If xHx^(-1)=H for every element x in G, then ...

A normal extension is the splitting field for a collection of polynomials. In the case of a finite algebraic extension, only one polynomial is necessary.

A line along a normal vector (i.e., perpendicular to some tangent line). If K subset R^d is a centrosymmetric set which has a twice differentiable boundary, then there are ...

A chord which is a normal at each end. A centrosymmetric set K subset R^d has d double normals through the center (Croft et al. 1991). For a curve of constant width, all ...

In every residue class modulo p, there is exactly one integer polynomial with coefficients >=0 and <=p-1. This polynomial is called the normal polynomial modulo p in the ...

A normal distribution with mean 0, P(x)=h/(sqrt(pi))e^(-h^2x^2). (1) The characteristic function is phi(t)=e^(-t^2/(4h^2)). (2) The mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis ...

Let u_(p) be a unit tangent vector of a regular surface M subset R^3. Then the normal curvature of M in the direction u_(p) is kappa(u_(p))=S(u_(p))·u_(p), (1) where S is the ...