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The probability density function (PDF) P(x) of a continuous distribution is defined as the derivative of the (cumulative) distribution function D(x), D^'(x) = ...

B^^ = T^^xN^^ (1) = (r^'xr^(''))/(|r^'xr^('')|), (2) where the unit tangent vector T and unit "principal" normal vector N are defined by T^^ = (r^'(s))/(|r^'(s)|) (3) N^^ = ...

There are three types of boundary conditions commonly encountered in the solution of partial differential equations: 1. Dirichlet boundary conditions specify the value of the ...

The evolute of an ellipse specified parametrically by x = acost (1) y = bsint (2) is given by the parametric equations x_e = (a^2-b^2)/acos^3t (3) y_e = (b^2-a^2)/bsin^3t. ...

There are at least two distinct notions known as the Whitehead group. Given an associative ring A with unit, the Whitehead group associated to A is the commutative quotient ...

The dihedral angle is the angle theta between two planes. The dihedral angle between the planes a_1x+b_1y+c_1z+d_1 = 0 (1) a_2x+b_2y+c_2z+d_2 = 0 (2) which have normal ...

A set of planes sharing a point in common. For planes specified in Hessian normal form, a bundle of planes can therefore be specified as ...

If x is a regular patch on a regular surface in R^3 with normal N^^, then x_(uu) = Gamma_(11)^1x_u+Gamma_(11)^2x_v+eN^^ (1) x_(uv) = Gamma_(12)^1x_u+Gamma_(12)^2x_v+fN^^ (2) ...

Let a space curve have line elements ds_N, ds_T, and ds_B along the normal, tangent, and binormal vectors respectively, then ds_N^2=ds_T^2+ds_B^2, (1) where ds_N^2 = ...

Given a parabola with parametric equations x = at^2 (1) y = at, (2) the evolute is given by x_e = 1/2a(1+6t^2) (3) y_e = -4at^3. (4) Eliminating x and y gives the implicit ...