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A Latin square is said to be odd if it contains an odd number of rows and columns that are odd permutations. Otherwise, it is said to be even. Let the number of even Latin ...

Let the probabilities of various classes in a distribution be p_1, p_2, ..., p_k, with observed frequencies m_1, m_2, ..., m_k. The quantity ...

A rectangle which cannot be built up of squares all of different sizes is called an imperfect rectangle. A rectangle which can be built up of squares all of different sizes ...

A prime magic square is a magic square consisting only of prime numbers (although the number 1 is sometimes allowed in such squares). The left square is the 3×3 prime magic ...

A means of describing how one state develops into another state over the course of time. Technically, a dynamical system is a smooth action of the reals or the integers on ...

A magic square for which the number of letters in the word for each number generates another magic square. This definition depends, of course, on the language being used. In ...

In 1750, Benjamin Franklin constructed the above 8×8 semimagic square having magic constant 260. Any half-row or half-column in this square totals 130, and the four corners ...

Minesweeper is single-player logic-based computer game played on rectangular board whose object is to locate a predetermined number of randomly-placed "mines" in the shortest ...

A magic square is said to be p-multimagic if the square formed by replacing each element by its kth power for k=1, 2, ..., p is also magic. A 2-multimagic square is called ...

A multimagic square such that the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth powers of the elements all yield magic squares is known as a pentamagic square. The first known ...