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A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

The quaternions are members of a noncommutative division algebra first invented by William Rowan Hamilton. The idea for quaternions occurred to him while he was walking along ...

The arithmetic-geometric mean agm(a,b) of two numbers a and b (often also written AGM(a,b) or M(a,b)) is defined by starting with a_0=a and b_0=b, then iterating a_(n+1) = ...

The Dedekind eta function is defined over the upper half-plane H={tau:I[tau]>0} by eta(tau) = q^_^(1/24)(q^_)_infty (1) = q^_^(1/24)product_(k=1)^(infty)(1-q^_^k) (2) = ...

The sum-of-factorial powers function is defined by sf^p(n)=sum_(k=1)^nk!^p. (1) For p=1, sf^1(n) = sum_(k=1)^(n)k! (2) = (-e+Ei(1)+pii+E_(n+2)(-1)Gamma(n+2))/e (3) = ...

There are a number of algebraic equations known as the icosahedral equation, all of which derive from the projective geometry of the icosahedron. Consider an icosahedron ...

The term limit comes about relative to a number of topics from several different branches of mathematics. A sequence x_1,x_2,... of elements in a topological space X is said ...

The Pochhammer symbol (x)_n = (Gamma(x+n))/(Gamma(x)) (1) = x(x+1)...(x+n-1) (2) (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 256; Spanier 1987; Koepf 1998, p. 5) for n>=0 is an ...

Square triangle picking is the selection of triples of points (corresponding to endpoints of a triangle) randomly placed inside a square. n random triangles can be picked in ...

Let s(n)=sigma(n)-n, where sigma(n) is the divisor function and s(n) is the restricted divisor function. Then the sequence of numbers s^0(n)=n,s^1(n)=s(n),s^2(n)=s(s(n)),... ...