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The finite difference is the discrete analog of the derivative. The finite forward difference of a function f_p is defined as Deltaf_p=f_(p+1)-f_p, (1) and the finite ...

The conic sections are the nondegenerate curves generated by the intersections of a plane with one or two nappes of a cone. For a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone, ...

For some constant alpha_0, alpha(f,z)<alpha_0 implies that z is an approximate zero of f, where alpha(f,z)=(|f(z)|)/(|f^'(z)|)sup_(k>1)|(f^((k))(z))/(k!f^'(z))|^(1/(k-1)). ...

The backward difference is a finite difference defined by del _p=del f_p=f_p-f_(p-1). (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the backward ...

The forward difference is a finite difference defined by Deltaa_n=a_(n+1)-a_n. (1) Higher order differences are obtained by repeated operations of the forward difference ...

Two families of equations used to find roots of nonlinear functions of a single variable. The "B" family is more robust and can be used in the neighborhood of degenerate ...

A sequence of approximations a/b to sqrt(n) can be derived by factoring a^2-nb^2=+/-1 (1) (where -1 is possible only if -1 is a quadratic residue of n). Then ...

A symmetric polynomial on n variables x_1, ..., x_n (also called a totally symmetric polynomial) is a function that is unchanged by any permutation of its variables. In other ...

A procedure for finding the quadratic factors for the complex conjugate roots of a polynomial P(x) with real coefficients. (1) Now write the original polynomial as ...

(b-c)/a = (sin[1/2(B-C)])/(cos(1/2A)) (1) (c-a)/b = (sin[1/2(C-A)])/(cos(1/2B)) (2) (a-b)/c = (sin[1/2(A-B)])/(cos(1/2C)). (3)