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P. G. Tait undertook a study of knots in response to Kelvin's conjecture that the atoms were composed of knotted vortex tubes of ether (Thomson 1869). He categorized knots in ...

A finite group is a group having finite group order. Examples of finite groups are the modulo multiplication groups, point groups, cyclic groups, dihedral groups, symmetric ...

Landau's problems are the four "unattackable" problems mentioned by Landau in the 1912 Fifth Congress of Mathematicians in Cambridge, namely: 1. The Goldbach conjecture, 2. ...

The theorem, originally conjectured by Berge (1960, 1961), that a graph is perfect iff neither the graph nor its graph complement contains an odd graph cycle of length at ...

Dyson (1962abc) conjectured that the constant term in the Laurent series product_(1<=i!=j<=n)(1-(x_i)/(x_j))^(a_i) (1) is the multinomial coefficient ...

Also called the ménage problem. In how many ways can n married couples be seated around a circular table in such a manner than there is always one man between two women and ...

A Riemann surface is a surface-like configuration that covers the complex plane with several, and in general infinitely many, "sheets." These sheets can have very complicated ...

An arithmetic progression, also known as an arithmetic sequence, is a sequence of n numbers {a_0+kd}_(k=0)^(n-1) such that the differences between successive terms is a ...

A face-centered cubic sphere packing obtained by placing layers of spheres one on top of another. Because there are two distinct ways to place each layer on top of the ...

A number n satisfies the Carmichael condition iff (p-1)|(n/p-1) for all prime divisors p of n. This is equivalent to the condition (p-1)|(n-1) for all prime divisors p of n.