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The Lehmer-Mahler is the following integral representation for the Legendre polynomial P_n(x): P_n(costheta) = 1/piint_0^pi(costheta+isinthetacosphi)^ndphi (1) = ...

There are several theorems known as the "sandwich theorem." In calculus, the squeeze theorem is also sometimes known as the sandwich theorem. In graph theory, the sandwich ...

Let alpha(G) denote the independence number of a graph G. Then the Shannon capacity Theta(G), sometimes also denoted c(G), of G is defined as ...

A sliver of the surface of a sphere of radius r cut out by two planes through the azimuthal axis with dihedral angle theta. The surface area of the lune is S=2r^2theta, which ...

Given a function f(x) plotted in the Cartesian plane as y=f(x), the average rate of change (or average rate of change function) of f from x to a is given by ...

A function that joins univariate distribution functions to form multivariate distribution functions. A two-dimensional copula is a function C:I^2->I such that C(0,t)=C(t,0)=0 ...

An asymmetrical apodization function defined by M(x,b,d)={0 for x<-b; (x-b)/(2b) for -b<x<b; 1 for b<x<b+2d; 0 for x<b+2d, (1) where the two-sided portion is 2b long (total) ...

alpha(x) = 1/(sqrt(2pi))int_(-x)^xe^(-t^2/2)dt (1) = sqrt(2/pi)int_0^xe^(-t^2/2)dt (2) = 2Phi(x) (3) = erf(x/(sqrt(2))), (4) where Phi(x) is the normal distribution function ...

Given five equal disks placed symmetrically about a given center, what is the smallest radius r for which the radius of the circular area covered by the five disks is 1? The ...

A generalization of the confluent hypergeometric differential equation given by (1) The solutions are given by y_1 = x^(-A)e^(-f(x))_1F_1(a;b;h(x)) (2) y_2 = ...