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The incentral circle is the circumcircle of the incentral triangle. It has radius R_I=(sqrt(abcf(a,b,c)f(b,c,a)f(c,a,b)))/(8Delta(a+b)(a+c)(b+c)), (1) where Delta is the area ...

The ratio of the independence number of a graph G to its vertex count is known as the independence ratio of G (Bollobás 1981). The product of the chromatic number and ...

A set whose members index (label) members of another set. For example, in the set A= union _(k in K)A_k, the set K is an index set of the set A.

Given a commutative unit ring R and an extension ring S, an element s of S is called integral over R if it is one of the roots of a monic polynomial with coefficients in R.

A negative-height (inward-pointing) pyramid used in augmentation. The term was introduced by B. Grünbaum.

The number of elements greater than i to the left of i in a permutation gives the ith element of the inversion vector (Skiena 1990, p. 27).

Q_n^((alpha,beta))(x)=2^(-n-1)(x-1)^(-alpha)(x+1)^(-beta) ×int_(-1)^1(1-t)^(n+alpha)(1+t)^(n+beta)(x-t)^(-n-1)dt. In the exceptional case n=0, alpha+beta+1=0, a nonconstant ...

A Jensen disk is a disk in the complex plane whose diameter joins complex conjugate roots of a polynomial (Trott 2004, p. 22).

The system of partial differential equations f_x = 2fgc(x-t) (1) g_t = 2fgc(x-t). (2)

If f_1,...,f_m:R^n->R are exponential polynomials, then {x in R^n:f_1(x)=...f_n(x)=0} has finitely many connected components.