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Let n be a positive nonsquare integer. Then Artin conjectured that the set S(n) of all primes for which n is a primitive root is infinite. Under the assumption of the ...

The conjugate gradient method is not suitable for nonsymmetric systems because the residual vectors cannot be made orthogonal with short recurrences, as proved in Voevodin ...

There are several closely related results that are variously known as the binomial theorem depending on the source. Even more confusingly a number of these (and other) ...

The bipartite double graph, also called the Kronecker cover, Kronecker double cover, bipartite double cover, canonical double cover, or bipartite double, of a given graph G ...

In most modern literature, a Boolean model is a probabilistic model of continuum percolation theory characterized by the existence of a stationary point process X and a ...

The number obtained by adding the reciprocals of the odd twin primes, B=(1/3+1/5)+(1/5+1/7)+(1/(11)+1/(13))+(1/(17)+1/(19))+.... (1) By Brun's theorem, the series converges ...

"The" butterfly graph is a name sometimes given to the 5-vertex graph illustrated above. This graph is also known as the "bowtie graph" (West 2000, p. 12) and is the ...

The Cauchy principal value of a finite integral of a function f about a point c with a<=c<=b is given by ...

Christoffel symbols of the second kind are the second type of tensor-like object derived from a Riemannian metric g which is used to study the geometry of the metric. ...

The chromatic number of a graph G is the smallest number of colors needed to color the vertices of G so that no two adjacent vertices share the same color (Skiena 1990, p. ...