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A module M over a unit ring R is called flat iff the tensor product functor - tensor _RM (or, equivalently, the tensor product functor M tensor _R-) is an exact functor. For ...

For a particular format in the IEEE 754-2008 framework, a normal number is a finite nonzero floating-point number with magnitude greater than or equal to a minimum value ...

There are many mathematical and recreational problems related to folding. Origami, the Japanese art of paper folding, is one well-known example. It is possible to make a ...

A graph is a forbidden topological minor (also known as a forbidden homeomorphic subgraph) if its presence as a homeomorphic subgraph of a given graph (i.e., there is an ...

A technique in set theory invented by P. Cohen (1963, 1964, 1966) and used to prove that the axiom of choice and continuum hypothesis are independent of one another in ...

A Fourier series is an expansion of a periodic function f(x) in terms of an infinite sum of sines and cosines. Fourier series make use of the orthogonality relationships of ...

Let R be a ring, and let I be an ideal of R. The correspondence A<->A/I is an inclusion preserving bijection between the set of subrings A of R that contain I and the set of ...

In 1750, Benjamin Franklin constructed the above 8×8 semimagic square having magic constant 260. Any half-row or half-column in this square totals 130, and the four corners ...

A Fréchet space is a complete and metrizable space, sometimes also with the restriction that the space be locally convex. The topology of a Fréchet space is defined by a ...

The tabulation of raw data obtained by dividing it into classes of some size and computing the number of data elements (or their fraction out of the total) falling within ...