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An inequality is strict if replacing any "less than" and "greater than" signs with equal signs never gives a true expression. For example, a<=b is not strict, whereas a<b is.

A lower triangular matrix having 0s along the diagonal as well as the upper portion, i.e., a matrix A=[a_(ij)] such that a_(ij)=0 for i<=j. Written explicitly, L=[0 0 ... 0; ...

A term meaning "spinning top" in Greek which was coined by J. H. Conway by e-mail in the Polyhedron Discussion List as a term for kite-shaped quadrilaterals. Formally, a ...

If a subset S of the elements of a field F satisfies the field axioms with the same operations of F, then S is called a subfield of F. In a finite field of field order p^n, ...

Let sigma_0(n) and sigma_1(n) denote the number and sum of the divisors of n, respectively (i.e., the zeroth- and first-order divisor functions). A number n is called sublime ...

A submersion is a smooth map f:M->N when dimM>=dimN, given that the differential, or Jacobian, is surjective at every x in M. The basic example of a submersion is the ...

A subsequence of {a} is a sequence {b} defined by b_k=a_(n_k), where n_1<n_2<... is an increasing sequence of indices (D'Angelo and West 2000). For example, the prime numbers ...

A condition used in the definition of a mathematical object, commonly denoted : or |. For example, the rationals Q can be defined by Q={p/q:q!=0,p,q in Z}, read as "the set ...

For a discrete function f(n), the summatory function is defined by F(n)=sum_(k in D)^nf(k), where D is the domain of the function.

The space join of a topological space X and a pair of points S^0, Sigma(X)=X*S^0.